IPv6 NAT - Needed or not ?

Hi everyone after a long break now we will see about do we need IPv6 NAT or not which will be discussed below.

Network Address Translation (NAT)-Port Translation (PT) for Cisco software based on RFC 2766 and RFC 2765 is a migration tool that helps customers transition their IPv4 networks to IPv6 networks.

It allows direct communication between IPv6-only networks and IPv4-only networks. Dual-stack networks (networks that have IPv4 and IPv6) can have some IPv6-only hosts configured to take advantage of the IPv6 autoconfiguration, global addressing, and simpler management features, and these hosts can use NAT-PT to communicate with existing IPv4-only networks in the same organization.

The benefits of NAT-PT is that no changes are required to existing hosts if NAT-PT is configured, because all NAT-PT configurations are performed at the NAT-PT device. Stable IPv4 networks can introduce an IPv6 network and use NAT-PT to communicate between these networks without disrupting the network.

Why is NAT not needed in IPv6?​

• Because IPv6 has integrated security, there is no need to hide the IPv6 addresses of internal networks.​
• Any host or user can get a public IPv6 network address because the number of available IPv6 addresses is extremely large.​
• The problems that are induced by NAT applications are solved because the IPv6 header improves packet handling by intermediate routers.​
• The end-to-end connectivity problems that are caused by NAT are solved because the number of routes increases with the number of nodes that are connected to the Internet.

Stay tuned for more information and also let me know the answer in comment section below for this question mentioned above. 

Streaming live on Azure-103

What do you meant by Routing Information Protocol ?

Hi everyone, on today we are going to learn in simplified networking terminology on RIP (i.e., Routing Information Protocol).

Now, we can look at RIP in simple points to remember given below;

• It's Administrative Distance value is 120.
• It uses Distance Vector Algorithm.
• Identify best path with hop count and it's Metric is hop.  
• It uses Bellman Ford Algorithm for path selection.
• Support is limited number of hops up to 15.
• It sends periodic up to every 30 seconds and after 180 seconds we consider as dead peer (i.e., 240 seconds as flesh time).

For example: When, we look over RIP configuration lab notes kindly take these notes for your CCNA cert preparation in practical that will be very useful for you in live as shown below.

Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)# network <Known Network ID> 

.

.

.

Router(config-router)#exit

To view or check whether rip is active use this routing table configuration

Router#show ip route 

Stay tuned for more information to be shared on networking terminology. On our next post we will learn on types of RIP which will be updated soon. Also you can text at our comment section below for new ideas and click subscribe button to our YouNG channel for lab preparation.

     

Distance Vector

Hi everyone, on today we are going to learn about distance vector which comes in category of dynamic routing protocol. In simple sentence we are here to explain it in five points to remember for CCNA cert exam.

In simplified, Distance Vector :

• It supports in classful routing by default.
• It sends periodic updates.
• Also they uses Bellman ford algorithm.
• There is a possibility in looping.
• The Routing protocol works in distance vector RIP Router Information Protocol)

Stay tuned for more information will be shared in this blog and also subscribe our YouTube channel make sure text at our comment section below. 

Short note on Static Routing and AD value

Hi everyone, on today we are going learn and discuss about static routing in three points to remember and also AD value.

In simplified, notes to study are given below 

Static Routing: 

• It is manually configuration done in routing.
• Administration should have the knowledge about entire topology.
• AD (Administration Distance) value is 1. 

Syntax: ip route <Unknown Network ID> <Subnet mask> <Next hop ip>

AD value (i.e., Administrative Distance value)

• It ranges from 0 - 255
• It represents the best route in lower the AD and higher in the trust for corporates or officials. 

Example of AD with it's values; 

• Directly connecting (AD value is 0)
• Static (AD value is 1)
• EIGRP (AD value is 90)
• OSPF (AD value is 110)
• RIP (AD value is 120)

Stay tuned for more information to be shared  for CCNA cert preparations and if you know any other than these AD values you can text at our comment section below.

OSPF

Hi everyone, on today we are going to learn about OSPF lets see in simplified points to understand for cert exams preparation.

In simplified points to remember, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 

• It is a link state routing protocol (LSRP) that uses the Shortest Path First (SPF) network communication algorithm (Dijkstra's algorithm) to calculate the shortest connection path between known devices.
• It is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) that routes Internet Protocol (IP) packets within a single routing network domain only. 
• It finds the best network layout (topology) by calculating shortest device connection paths using the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm.

For Example: A person in this Metro city A wants to travel to city D and is given two options:

• Travels through cities B and C : The route would be ABCD. And the distance (or bandwidth cost in the networking case) for A-B is 10 miles / Km, B-C is 5 miles /  Km and C-D is 10 miles /  Km.
• Travel through city F : The route would be AFD. And the distance for A-F is 20 miles / Km and F-D is 10 miles / Km. (in Kilometres)

The shortest route is always the one with least amount of distance covered in total. 

Thus, the ABCM route is the better option (10+5+10=25), even though the person has to travel to two cities as the associated total cost to travel to the destination is less than the second option with a single city (20+10=30). 

OSPF performs a similar algorithm by first calculating the shortest path between the source and destination based on link bandwidth cost and then allows the network to send and receive IP packets via the shortest route.

Stay tuned for more information to be shared through this blog and also text at our comment section below.

ACL (Access Control Lists)

Hi everyone, on today we are going to learn about ACL (i.e, Access Control Lists) in simplified terms and how ACL works with an example.

In simple points, ACL  ;

• There are filters that enable you to control which routing updates or packets are permitted or denied in or out of a network.
• They are specifically used by network administrators to filter traffic and to provide extra security for the network (i.e., This can be applied to Cisco routers).
• ACLs provide a powerful way to control traffic into and out of your network 
• This control can be as simple as permitting or denying network hosts or addresses.

How it works ? explained below in simplified format with example ;

A router acts as a packet filter when it forwards or denies packets according to filtering rules. As a Layer 3 device, a packet-filtering router uses rules to determine whether to permit or deny traffic based on source and destination IP addresses, source port and destination port, and the protocol of the packet.

To simplify this note, how ACL or a router uses packet filtering works with a example given below.

Example: Imagine a guard stationed at a locked door. The guard’s instruction is to allow only people whose names appear on a guest list to pass through the door. The guard is filtering people based on the condition of having their names on the authorized list.

When a packet arrives at the router, the router extracts certain information from the packet header and makes decisions according to the filter rules as to whether the packet can pass through or be dropped.

Packet filtering process works at the Network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model or the Internet layer of TCP/IP.

Watch this video given below by click this PLAY > button to see about extended ACL configuration how of our CCNA Lab. Also make sure to share and subscribe our channel.