Short note on Static Routing and AD value

Hi everyone, on today we are going learn and discuss about static routing in three points to remember and also AD value.

In simplified, notes to study are given below 

Static Routing: 

• It is manually configuration done in routing.
• Administration should have the knowledge about entire topology.
• AD (Administration Distance) value is 1. 

Syntax: ip route <Unknown Network ID> <Subnet mask> <Next hop ip>

AD value (i.e., Administrative Distance value)

• It ranges from 0 - 255
• It represents the best route in lower the AD and higher in the trust for corporates or officials. 

Example of AD with it's values; 

• Directly connecting (AD value is 0)
• Static (AD value is 1)
• EIGRP (AD value is 90)
• OSPF (AD value is 110)
• RIP (AD value is 120)

Stay tuned for more information to be shared  for CCNA cert preparations and if you know any other than these AD values you can text at our comment section below.

OSPF

Hi everyone, on today we are going to learn about OSPF lets see in simplified points to understand for cert exams preparation.

In simplified points to remember, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 

• It is a link state routing protocol (LSRP) that uses the Shortest Path First (SPF) network communication algorithm (Dijkstra's algorithm) to calculate the shortest connection path between known devices.
• It is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) that routes Internet Protocol (IP) packets within a single routing network domain only. 
• It finds the best network layout (topology) by calculating shortest device connection paths using the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm.

For Example: A person in this Metro city A wants to travel to city D and is given two options:

• Travels through cities B and C : The route would be ABCD. And the distance (or bandwidth cost in the networking case) for A-B is 10 miles / Km, B-C is 5 miles /  Km and C-D is 10 miles /  Km.
• Travel through city F : The route would be AFD. And the distance for A-F is 20 miles / Km and F-D is 10 miles / Km. (in Kilometres)

The shortest route is always the one with least amount of distance covered in total. 

Thus, the ABCM route is the better option (10+5+10=25), even though the person has to travel to two cities as the associated total cost to travel to the destination is less than the second option with a single city (20+10=30). 

OSPF performs a similar algorithm by first calculating the shortest path between the source and destination based on link bandwidth cost and then allows the network to send and receive IP packets via the shortest route.

Stay tuned for more information to be shared through this blog and also text at our comment section below.

ACL (Access Control Lists)

Hi everyone, on today we are going to learn about ACL (i.e, Access Control Lists) in simplified terms and how ACL works with an example.

In simple points, ACL  ;

• There are filters that enable you to control which routing updates or packets are permitted or denied in or out of a network.
• They are specifically used by network administrators to filter traffic and to provide extra security for the network (i.e., This can be applied to Cisco routers).
• ACLs provide a powerful way to control traffic into and out of your network 
• This control can be as simple as permitting or denying network hosts or addresses.

How it works ? explained below in simplified format with example ;

A router acts as a packet filter when it forwards or denies packets according to filtering rules. As a Layer 3 device, a packet-filtering router uses rules to determine whether to permit or deny traffic based on source and destination IP addresses, source port and destination port, and the protocol of the packet.

To simplify this note, how ACL or a router uses packet filtering works with a example given below.

Example: Imagine a guard stationed at a locked door. The guard’s instruction is to allow only people whose names appear on a guest list to pass through the door. The guard is filtering people based on the condition of having their names on the authorized list.

When a packet arrives at the router, the router extracts certain information from the packet header and makes decisions according to the filter rules as to whether the packet can pass through or be dropped.

Packet filtering process works at the Network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model or the Internet layer of TCP/IP.

Watch this video given below by click this PLAY > button to see about extended ACL configuration how of our CCNA Lab. Also make sure to share and subscribe our channel. 

What is Dynamic Routing ?

Hi everyone, on today we are going to learn about dynamic routing in general networking in everyday life.

In simplified points to remember are ; 

• Dynamic routing is a networking technique that provides optimal data routing. 
• Unlike static routing, dynamic routing enables routers to select paths according to real-time logical network layout changes. 
• The routing protocol operating on the router is responsible for the creation, maintenance and updating of the dynamic routing table. 
• Dynamic routing uses multiple algorithms and protocols. 
• The most popular are Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).

But in static routing, all these jobs are manually done by the system administrator.

The cost of routing is a critical factor for all organisations. The least-expensive routing technology is provided by dynamic routing, which automates table changes and provides the best paths for data transmission.

Stay tuned for more information to be shared about networking concepts and ideas to understand basics in it. Also text your thoughts about this in our comment section below.

What is Routing and it's two types ?

Hi everyone, on today we are going to learn about static routing in simplified terms to understand.

1. Routing is one of the most essential procedures in data communication. 
2. It ensures that data travels from one network to another with optimal speed and minimal delay, and that its integrity is maintained in the process.

Broadly, routing is performed in two different ways: 

• Dynamic routing continuously updates its routing table with paths and their cost/metric, while making optimal routing decisions based on changing network operating environments.
• Static routing performs routing decisions with preconfigured routes in the routing table, which can be changed manually only by administrators. Static routes are normally implemented in those situations where the choices in route selection are limited, or there is only a single default route available. Also, static routing can be used if you have only few devices for route configuration and there is no need for route change in the future.

For example : When we see in everyday life or in official use for business or any corporate companies they will always go on with this static routing and it is considered as the simplest form of routing. Also, it is a manual configuration and selection of a network route, usually managed by the network administrator. It is employed in scenarios where the network parameters and environment are expected to remain constant. 

Stay tuned for more networking terminology to be shared and also make sure to comment what you have understood from this at our comment section below.

What do you know about router ?

Hi everyone, on today we will learn about routers in simplified terms to prepare and understand for cert exams.

In simple, and also in technical terms to discuss about Router; 

• Routers are small electronic devices that join multiple computer networks together i.e., either wired or wireless connections.
• A router is a Layer 3 network gateway device, meaning that it connects two or more networks and that the router operates at the network layer of the OSI model.
• Routers contain a processor (CPU), several kinds of digital memory, and input-output (I/O) interfaces. 
• They function as special-purpose computers, one that does not require a keyboard or display.

For Example : In general, suppose when you search for www.google.com in your web browser then this will be a request which will be sent from your system to the google's server to serve that web page, now your request which is nothing but a stream of packets don`t just go the google's server straightaway they go through a series of networking devices known as router which accepts this packets and forwards them to correct path. Hence, it reaches to the destination server.

Stay tuned for more information and also you can comment what you understood or is there any thing else to say about this at our comment section below.

What do you know about IPv4 ?

Hi everyone, on today we are going to see a short notes to remember for your CCNA certification or as a basic networking knowledge on IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4).

In simplified, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4): 

• It is the fourth revision of the Internet Protocol  
• It is a widely used protocol in data communication over different kinds of networks.
• IPv4 is a connectionless protocol used in packet-switched layer networks, such as Ethernet. 
• It provides the logical connection between network devices by providing identification for each device. 
• There are many ways to configure IPv4 with all kinds of devices – including manual and automatic configurations – depending on the network type.

IPv4 is based on the best-effort model. This model guarantees neither delivery nor avoidance of duplicate delivery; these aspects are handled by the upper layer in OSI Model called transport layer. 

Thank you and stay tuned for our next information for networking certification preparation in CCNA. Also you can give suggestions or by sharing your thoughts to this next generation of internet/networking world at out comment section below.